{"id":8114,"date":"2023-03-23T14:09:06","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T18:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/?p=8114"},"modified":"2023-12-29T17:07:59","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T22:07:59","slug":"obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification","status":"publish","type":[121],"link":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/","title":{"rendered":"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Obesity is a public health problem with increasing incidence. In this article we will discuss its concept, etiology, classification and consequences.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background has-background\">\n<li><strong>Concept and epidemiology<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Consequences of obesity<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Metabolic syndrome<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classification<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Etiology<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"h-1-conceito-e-epidemiologia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Concept and epidemiology<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Obesity can be defined by the accumulation of localized or generalized fatty tissue, caused by nutritional imbalance, associated or not with genetic or endocrine-metabolic disorder.<\/p>\n<p>Obesity is a chronic disease whose prevalence is increasing in adults, children and adolescents and is currently considered a global epidemic. Once considered a problem of developed countries, obesity is now becoming a major health problem also in developing countries.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Obesity in adults is related to reduced life expectancy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The sedentary lifestyle associated with diets high in calories including not only carbohydrates, but also saturated fats, sugar and salt, has contributed to the increase in obesity, especially after the 80s.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>According to the WHO, in 2015 there were 600 million adults with obesity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>In the USA, 9.2% of the population are morbidly obese (class III), (BMI &gt; 40 kg\/m2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>In Brazil obesity affected 12.2% of the adult population in 2002-2003 and rose to 26.8% in 2020, according to IBGE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>29.5% of women are obese \u2014 practically one in three \u2014 compared to 21.8 of men.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Overweight, on the other hand, was found in 62.6% of women and 57.5% of men.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-2-consequencias-da-obesidade\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Consequences of obesity<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Severe obesity (type III) is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, weight loss is associated with a reduction in morbidity associated with obesity.<\/p>\n<p>These are pathological states aggravated by the presence of obesity and that are improved by its control, among the most frequent:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HAS<\/li>\n<li>DM II<\/li>\n<li>Peripheral vascular insufficiency<\/li>\n<li>Cholelithiasis<\/li>\n<li>Arthropathies<\/li>\n<li>Coronary insufficiency<\/li>\n<li>Dyslipidemias<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gastropedia.com.br\/gastroenterologia\/figado\/mafld-versus-nafld-implicacoes-da-mudanca-de-nomenclatura\/\">Hepatic steatosis<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sleep apnea<\/li>\n<li>Urinary incontinence<\/li>\n<li>GERD<\/li>\n<li>Physical limitation conditions and others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The mortality of severe obese is 250% higher than non-severe.<\/p>\n<p>Mortality from cancer, especially endometrial, is also increased for obese.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #abb7c270;\"><strong><em>Metabolic syndrome<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #abb7c270;\">Metabolic Syndrome corresponds to a set of diseases whose basis is insulin resistance. When present, Metabolic Syndrome is related to a general mortality twice as high as in the normal population and cardiovascular mortality three times higher.<\/p>\n<p><strong>According to <\/strong><strong>Brazilian Consensus, Metabolic Syndrome occurs when three of the five criteria below are present:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Central obesity \u2013 waist circumference greater than 88 cm in women and 102 cm in men;<\/li>\n<li>Arterial Hypertension \u2013 systolic blood pressure ? 130 and\/or diastolic blood pressure ? 85 mmHg;<\/li>\n<li>Altered glycemia (glycemia ? 110 mg\/dl) or diagnosis of Diabetes;<\/li>\n<li>Triglycerides ? 150 mg\/dl;<\/li>\n<li>HDL cholesterol ? 40 mg\/dl in men and ? 50 mg\/dl in women<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>* <em>If BMI &gt;30, the abdominal circumference does not need to be determined as central obesity is presumed.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-3-classificacao\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Classification<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The main index to measure and classify the degree of obesity is the BMI, due to its ease of application and correlation with morbidity and mortality risks.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Classification<\/th>\n<th>BMI (kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Underweight<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 18,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Normal Weight<\/td>\n<td>18,5 to 24,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Overweight<\/td>\n<td>25 to 29,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obesity grade I or mild<\/td>\n<td>30 \u2013 34,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obesity grade II or moderate<\/td>\n<td>35 \u2013 39,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obesity grade III or severe<\/td>\n<td>? 40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Superobese<\/td>\n<td>? 50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Classification according to body mass index (BMI). BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kg by height (in meters) squared<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Another useful measure, especially in Asians and patients with BMI between 25-35 is the measurement of abdominal circumference, since central obesity (associated with higher cardiometabolic risks) may not be captured in these patients.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AC &gt; 102 cm male sex<\/li>\n<li>AC &gt; 88 cm female sex<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note: Asian population admits &gt; 90 (male) and &gt;80 (female)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-4-etiologia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Etiology<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>There are multiple factors that can contribute to the development of obesity<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Genetics: child with an obese parent has a 3-4 x higher risk of developing obesity. Two obese parents, the risk is 10 x higher<\/li>\n<li>Age: tendency to weight gain<\/li>\n<li>Habits and lifestyle: consumption of caloric, fatty foods, salt, sugar, sedentary lifestyle<\/li>\n<li>Medications: some antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, hypoglycemic agents (insulin and sulfonylureas), contraceptive hormones<\/li>\n<li>Comorbidities: hypothyroidism, cushing&#8217;s syndrome<\/li>\n<li>Intestinal microbiota: increasing evidence of the role of the microbiota<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-text-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"color: #024267;\">\n<summary>Learn More<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/gastropedia.com.br\/cirurgia\/obesidade\/reganho-de-peso-e-perda-de-peso-insuficiente-apos-cirurgia-bariatrica\/\">http:\/\/gastropedia.com.br\/cirurgia\/obesidade\/reganho-de-peso-e-perda-de-peso-insuficiente-apos-cirurgia-bariatrica\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n<h2 id=\"h-como-citar-esse-artigo\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to cite this article<\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #abb7c273;\">Martins BC. Obesity: concept, consequences and classification. Gastropedia, vol I, 2023. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/gastropedia.com.br\/cirurgia\/obesidade\/obesidade-conceito-consequencia-classificacao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">gastropedia.com.br\/cirurgia\/obesidade\/obesidade-conceito-consequencia-classificacao<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obesity is a public health problem with increasing incidence. In this article we will discuss its concept, etiology, classification and consequences. Concept and epidemiology Consequences of obesity Metabolic syndrome Classification&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":722,"featured_media":8075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30,24],"tags":[],"volume":[57],"year":[137],"class_list":["post-8114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obesity","category-surgery","type-general-topics","volume-volume-i","year-137"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.2 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Obesity: concept, consequences and classification - Gastropedia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Obesity is a public health problem with increasing incidence. In this article we will discuss its concept, etiology, classification and consequences. Concept and epidemiology Consequences of obesity Metabolic syndrome Classification&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Gastropedia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-23T18:09:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-29T22:07:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pessoas-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruno Martins\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruno Martins\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bruno Martins\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0c32136424e6be2bd0ab93ec496a8ea5\"},\"headline\":\"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-23T18:09:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-29T22:07:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":669,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/pessoas-1.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Obesity\",\"Surgery\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/\",\"name\":\"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification - Gastropedia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/pessoas-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-23T18:09:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-29T22:07:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0c32136424e6be2bd0ab93ec496a8ea5\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/pessoas-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/pessoas-1.png\",\"width\":1800,\"height\":1200},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/surgery\\\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gastropedia\",\"description\":\"Easy medical updates for digestive health practitioners.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0c32136424e6be2bd0ab93ec496a8ea5\",\"name\":\"Bruno Martins\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?d=identicon&amp;s=96\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?d=identicon&amp;s=96\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?d=identicon&amp;s=96\",\"caption\":\"Bruno Martins\"},\"description\":\"Professor Livre-Docente pela Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo M\u00e9dico Endoscopista do Instituto do C\u00e2ncer do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (ICESP) M\u00e9dico Endoscopista do Hospital Alem\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Emerging Star pela WEO\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gastropedia.pub\\\/en\\\/author\\\/bruno\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification - Gastropedia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification","og_description":"Obesity is a public health problem with increasing incidence. In this article we will discuss its concept, etiology, classification and consequences. Concept and epidemiology Consequences of obesity Metabolic syndrome Classification&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/","og_site_name":"Gastropedia","article_published_time":"2023-03-23T18:09:06+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-12-29T22:07:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1800,"height":1200,"url":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pessoas-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Bruno Martins","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Bruno Martins","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/"},"author":{"name":"Bruno Martins","@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/0c32136424e6be2bd0ab93ec496a8ea5"},"headline":"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification","datePublished":"2023-03-23T18:09:06+00:00","dateModified":"2023-12-29T22:07:59+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/"},"wordCount":669,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pessoas-1.png","articleSection":["Obesity","Surgery"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/","url":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/","name":"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification - Gastropedia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pessoas-1.png","datePublished":"2023-03-23T18:09:06+00:00","dateModified":"2023-12-29T22:07:59+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/0c32136424e6be2bd0ab93ec496a8ea5"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pessoas-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pessoas-1.png","width":1800,"height":1200},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/surgery\/obesity-concept-consequences-and-classification\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Obesity: concept, consequences and classification"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/","name":"Gastropedia","description":"Easy medical updates for digestive health practitioners.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/0c32136424e6be2bd0ab93ec496a8ea5","name":"Bruno Martins","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?d=identicon&amp;s=96","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?d=identicon&amp;s=96","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?d=identicon&amp;s=96","caption":"Bruno Martins"},"description":"Professor Livre-Docente pela Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo M\u00e9dico Endoscopista do Instituto do C\u00e2ncer do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (ICESP) M\u00e9dico Endoscopista do Hospital Alem\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Emerging Star pela WEO","url":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/author\/bruno\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/722"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8114"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8369,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8114\/revisions\/8369"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8114"},{"taxonomy":"type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type?post=8114"},{"taxonomy":"volume","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/volume?post=8114"},{"taxonomy":"year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/year?post=8114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}