Looking for medications for the treatment of stomach or duodenal ulcers? In this article, we will explore everything you need to know about the subject. This is your complete guide on the topic.
Here, you will thoroughly understand all the essential information you need to know about the medications intended for the treatment of bothersome gastroduodenal ulcers. Discover the available options and better understand how they can contribute to the relief and recovery of the situation.
Types of stomach and duodenal ulcer medications
The treatment of ulcers covers a variety of medications, each playing a specific role in promoting healing and relieving symptoms. Below, we highlight some main categories:
Antacids
Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate quickly neutralize stomach acid, providing temporary relief.
Recommended only under gastroenterologist guidance, its excessive use can lead to side effects, such as rebound acidity.
It is worth noting that bismuth subsalicylate, associated with antibiotics and PPIs, is an additional option for specific cases of ulcer caused by H. pylori, with anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics such as clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole are prescribed when the ulcer is caused by the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori in the stomach.
They are usually combined with proton pump inhibitors and/or acid secretors for a determined period. It is important to note that the use of antibiotics can lead to side effects such as diarrhea, vomiting, and skin changes.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)
Omeprazole, esomeprazole, and lansoprazole are examples of PPIs that reduce acid production in the stomach, allowing the healing of ulcers.
Gastric protectors
Sucralfate creates a protective barrier over ulcers, preventing damage caused by stomach acid.
Risks and benefits of stomach or duodenal ulcer medications
When it comes to the treatment of ulcers, the choice of medications involves a delicate balance between therapeutic benefits and potential risks.
The medications used in the treatment of ulcers present a series of risks and benefits, and it is essential to understand these aspects to ensure an effective and safe approach.
Ulcers are lesions in the stomach mucosa, often caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or conditions such as chronic stress.
Among the benefits of ulcer medications, the ability to reduce acid production in the stomach stands out.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine receptor antagonists (H2) are common classes of medications used for this purpose.
These medications help promote ulcer healing, relieving associated symptoms such as abdominal pain, heartburn and acid reflux. In addition, they can prevent the recurrence of ulcers, especially when the underlying cause, such as H. pylori infection, is properly treated.
However, the use of these medications is not without risks.
Long-term use of PPIs, for example, may be associated with side effects, such as vitamin deficiencies and gastrointestinal infections.
Therefore, it is necessary to balance the therapeutic benefits with the potential risks, especially when considering long-term treatments.
In addition, drug interaction should be monitored, as some ulcer medications can influence the absorption of other medications.
Therefore, the medication for the treatment of stomach ulcers offers significant benefits in the treatment and relief of symptoms, but its use requires a cautious approach.
Health professionals should individually evaluate each case, taking into account factors such as the underlying cause of the ulcer, the presence of other medical conditions, and the potential side effects associated with the medications.
And when medications are not effective?
Despite significant advances in medicine, there are cases where traditional medications may not be effective in the treatment of ulcers.
This challenging situation often requires careful evaluation and the search for alternatives to provide relief and promote healing.
A common approach in cases of resistance to conventional treatments is the review of the diagnosis.
New exams, such as antibiotic resistance tests to identify resistant strains of the H. pylori bacterium, can provide accurate insights to adjust the treatment plan.
Surgical intervention is another option considered when the medication for the treatment of stomach ulcers does not produce the desired results.
Procedures such as vagotomy or partial gastrectomy may be recommended to control stomach acid production or remove the part of the stomach affected by the ulcer.
Outside of this, complementary and alternative therapies have gained prominence.
Acupuncture, for example, has been shown to offer symptom relief in some cases, while the adoption of a more comprehensive lifestyle approach, including dietary changes and stress reduction, can complement conventional treatment.
Psychological follow-up also plays a crucial role, especially since stress can trigger or aggravate ulcers.
Stress management techniques, such as meditation and cognitive-behavioral therapy, are possibilities to be integrated into the treatment plan to address this emotional dimension.
The multidisciplinary approach, incorporating new diagnoses, surgical options when necessary, complementary therapies, and attention to emotional well-being, is essential to find personalized and effective solutions.
This process of adaptation and search for alternatives, although it has its difficulties, is essential to ensure comprehensive treatment and improve the patient’s quality of life.
Tips and care to prevent gastroduodenal ulcers
Adopting healthy habits and implementing preventive measures is essential to maintain digestive health and reduce the risk of developing these uncomfortable conditions.
Mindful eating
Opting for a balanced diet and avoiding very spicy, acidic or fatty foods, helps to preserve the integrity of the stomach lining.
Include fibers, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins and contribute to a healthy digestive system.
Stress management
Stress plays a significant role in the development of stomach ulcers.
Stress management practices, such as meditation, yoga, and regular exercise, are effective in reducing tension and protecting the health of the digestive system.
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
Both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of stomach ulcers.
Therefore, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption are essential steps for prevention.
Avoid medications that irritate the stomach
Some medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can irritate the gastric mucosa, contributing to the development of ulcers.
When possible, seek alternatives or use these medications with medical guidance.
Treatment of infections
If there is an infection by H. pylori, performing the appropriate treatment under medical supervision helps to avoid complications, such as stomach ulcers.
Regular medical consultations
Performing regular medical consultations allows for early detection of risk factors and the implementation of personalized preventive strategies.
By incorporating these simple tips, you create an environment conducive to digestive health and significantly reduce the risk of developing stomach ulcers.
Prevention often lies in daily choices that promote the balance and well-being of the digestive system.
In summary, by understanding the nuances of the medication for the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers, you empower yourself to make conscious choices in collaboration with the doctor.
The diversity of options, the benefits and risks, along with alternatives when necessary, should be observed. Also remember the importance of prevention through healthy habits. This guide aims to provide essential knowledge for an informed and effective approach to stomach ulcers.
Image from Freepik
Doutor em Gastroenterologia pela FM-USP.
Especialista em Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo (HCFMUSP), Endoscopia Digestiva (SOBED) e Gastroenterologia (FBG).
Professor do curso de Medicina da Fundação Educacional do Município de Assis - FEMA.
Médico da clínica Gastrosaúde de Marília.