Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a condition in which there is an abnormal increase in the number of bacteria in the small intestine. Normally, the small intestine contains a controlled amount of bacteria, but when this balance is disturbed, there is an excessive growth of these microorganisms.
How does it occur?
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth can occur due to different factors, including:
- Alteration of intestinal motility: when the normal movement of the intestine is impaired, there is an accumulation of bacteria, leading to overgrowth.
- Poor absorption of nutrients: certain conditions that affect the proper absorption of nutrients in the small intestine can lead to bacterial overgrowth.
- Structural changes: previous abdominal surgeries, intestinal narrowings or obstructions can create a favorable environment for excessive bacterial growth.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth can vary from person to person, but some common symptoms include:
- Abdominal distension and feeling of bloating after meals.
- Chronic diarrhea or alternation between diarrhea and constipation.
- Abdominal pain, discomfort or cramps.
- Excessive flatulence.
- Poor absorption of nutrients, resulting in nutritional deficiencies.
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth can be challenging, as the symptoms can overlap with other digestive conditions. However, some tests can be performed to help in the diagnosis, such as:
- Exhaled hydrogen test: it is performed after the ingestion of a solution containing non-digestible sugar. The presence of specific gases in the exhaled air may indicate bacterial overgrowth.
- Culture of aspirated fluid from the small intestine: in more complex cases, an endoscopic procedure may be performed to collect a sample of intestinal fluid and perform a bacterial culture.
How is the treatment done?
The treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth involves a multidisciplinary approach and may include:
- Antibiotics: specific medications are prescribed to reduce excessive bacterial growth.
- Probiotics: probiotic supplements may be recommended to help restore the balance of intestinal flora.
- Dietary modifications: certain foods can aggravate symptoms, therefore, a nutritionist can provide guidance on a suitable diet to minimize symptoms.
- Treatment of underlying conditions: if an underlying condition is contributing to bacterial overgrowth, such as inflammatory bowel disease or anatomical changes.
It is important to highlight that the treatment should be personalized according to the needs of each individual and accompanied by a health professional specialized in the subject.