What is Reflux Esophagitis?
Reflux esophagitis is a condition in which inflammation of the inner lining of the esophagus occurs due to the reflux of stomach acid. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach and stomach acid is responsible for digesting food. When stomach acid returns to the esophagus, it can cause damage to the lining, resulting in irritation and inflammation.
How does it occur?
Reflux esophagitis occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscular valve located between the esophagus and the stomach, does not function properly. This valve normally prevents the contents of the stomach from refluxing into the esophagus. However, when weakened or relaxed, it allows stomach acid to rise, causing damage to the lining of the esophagus.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of reflux esophagitis can vary from person to person, but the most common include:
- Heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest or throat.
- Regurgitation, which is the return of acidic stomach content to the mouth.
- Pain or discomfort when swallowing.
- Chest pain, which can be confused with a heart attack.
- Chronic cough or throat clearing.
- Hoarseness or changes in voice.
How is it diagnosed?
The diagnosis of reflux esophagitis is made based on the symptoms reported by the patient and clinical evaluation. In addition, tests such as upper digestive endoscopy can be performed to visualize the esophagus and identify possible lesions or inflammations. Esophageal pHmetry and manometry tests may also be requested to assess the function of the esophagus and the presence of acid reflux.
What is the treatment?
The treatment of reflux esophagitis aims to relieve symptoms, heal inflammation, and prevent long-term complications. Treatment options include:
- Lifestyle changes: adopting a healthy and balanced diet, avoiding foods that trigger acid reflux, avoiding heavy meals before bedtime, losing weight if necessary, elevating the head of the bed, avoiding alcohol and tobacco consumption.
- Medications: the use of antacid medications, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 receptor blockers can help reduce stomach acid production and relieve symptoms.
- Surgery: in more severe cases or when drug treatment is not effective, surgery may be recommended to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter and reduce acid reflux.
It is important to seek medical guidance to obtain an appropriate diagnosis and establish a personalized treatment plan. Reflux esophagitis can be successfully managed through lifestyle changes and medications, providing symptom relief and improving quality of life.