Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease that affects the cells of the pancreas, an organ located in the upper part of the abdomen, behind the stomach. It is considered one of the most aggressive types of cancer, due to its invasive nature and the lack of specific early symptoms, which often makes early diagnosis difficult.
How does it occur?
Pancreatic cancer occurs when the cells of the pancreas undergo genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled growth and the formation of tumors.
It is believed that pancreatic cancer may be related to risk factors such as a family history of the disease, advanced age, smoking, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, exposure to certain chemicals, and a diet high in fats and red meats.
Symptoms and diagnosis
The symptoms of pancreatic cancer can vary, but the most common include persistent abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and fatigue. These symptoms can also be associated with other health conditions, which makes accurate diagnosis a challenge.
The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer involves a combination of tests, such as blood tests, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and biopsy, to determine the presence and extent of the tumor.
Treatment
The treatment of pancreatic cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the location of the tumor, and the overall health of the patient. Treatment options may include:
- Surgery: surgical removal of the tumor, which may involve the removal of part of the pancreas, the bile duct, or the intestine.
- Radiotherapy: the use of high-energy radiation can be employed to destroy cancer cells or reduce the size of the tumor before or after surgery.
- Chemotherapy: the administration of anticancer drugs may be indicated to destroy cancer cells or control the growth of the tumor.
In addition, supportive therapy plays an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, with the aim of relieving symptoms, improving quality of life, and providing emotional support to the patient.
Conclusion
Pancreatic cancer is a challenging disease, but advances in early detection and treatment are being made. Awareness of risk factors, as well as seeking immediate medical assistance in the face of worrying symptoms, are fundamental for an early diagnosis and a better prognosis. The collaboration between doctors and patients plays a crucial role in the fight against pancreatic cancer, ensuring appropriate treatment and the adoption of prevention measures. Emotional support and integrated care are essential to assist both patients and their families throughout the process.