What are Intestinal Adhesions?
Intestinal adhesions are formations of scar tissue that develop within the abdominal cavity. They occur as a result of previous abdominal surgeries, abdominal inflammation, or abdominal injuries. These adhesions can cause the joining of organs and tissues that should not normally be connected, leading to symptoms and complications.
How do they occur?
Intestinal adhesions form as part of the healing process after abdominal surgery or in response to inflammations, such as inflammatory bowel disease or endometriosis. During healing, connective tissue fibers develop between the organs and can abnormally join together, causing adhesions. These adhesions can involve the small intestine, large intestine, bladder, uterus, fallopian tubes, or other abdominal organs.
What are the symptoms?
Not all intestinal adhesions cause symptoms, but when they do, the symptoms can vary depending on the location and extent of the adhesions. Some common symptoms include:
- Chronic or recurrent abdominal pain, which can be mild or intense.
- Abdominal distension.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Changes in bowel function, such as constipation or diarrhea.
- Feeling of blockage or intestinal obstruction.
In more severe cases, a complete intestinal obstruction may occur, which is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention.
How are they diagnosed?
The diagnosis of intestinal adhesions can be challenging, as the symptoms can overlap with other abdominal conditions. The doctor will perform a detailed clinical evaluation, review the medical history. In addition to the clinical evaluation and the patient’s medical history, the following tests may be performed:
- Imaging tests, such as x-rays, ultrasound, or computed tomography, can help identify the presence of adhesions and assess their extent.
- In some cases, an exploratory laparoscopy may be necessary, a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a camera is inserted into the abdomen to view the adhesions directly.
What is the treatment?
The treatment of intestinal adhesions depends on the severity of the symptoms and the presence of complications, such as intestinal obstruction. Treatment options may include:
- Conservative management of symptoms: for mild cases, medications for pain relief or changes in diet may be prescribed.
- Surgery: in cases of severe intestinal obstruction or recurrent and debilitating symptoms, the removal of adhesions through surgery may be necessary. During the procedure, the surgeon will separate the adhesions and restore normal bowel function.
It is important to note that the treatment of intestinal adhesions should be performed by a specialized doctor, who will evaluate each case individually and indicate the best therapeutic approach.
Prevention
Unfortunately, there is no guaranteed way to prevent the development of intestinal adhesions after abdominal surgery. However, it is important to follow medical instructions after surgery, avoid excessive efforts, and immediately inform the doctor if worrying symptoms arise, such as intense abdominal pain, fever, or vomiting.
In summary, intestinal adhesions are formations of scar tissue that can occur after abdominal surgeries or inflammations. They can cause abdominal symptoms, intestinal obstruction, and require medical treatment, including surgery, depending on the severity of the case. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to alleviate symptoms and improve bowel function.