What is Gastritis?
Gastritis is a condition that involves inflammation of the mucosa of the inner lining of the stomach. This inflammation can be caused by various factors, such as bacterial infections, prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, chronic stress, or bile reflux.
How does it occur?
Gastritis can occur when the protective layer of the stomach, which normally helps to neutralize stomach acid and protect the mucosa, is damaged or weakened. This allows stomach acid to cause irritation and inflammation in the stomach wall, resulting in uncomfortable symptoms.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of gastritis can vary from person to person, and some individuals may not present visible symptoms. However, the most common symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain or discomfort, usually in the upper abdomen.
- Burning sensation or sharp pain in the stomach.
- Heartburn.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Loss of appetite.
- Feeling of fullness after eating small amounts of food.
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis of gastritis is made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and complementary tests. The most commonly used tests include:
The diagnosis of gastritis usually involves a combination of medical history, symptom assessment, and testing. Some of the commonly used tests include:
- Upper digestive endoscopy: a procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera at the end is inserted through the throat to examine the lining of the stomach.
- H. pylori tests: a bacteria known to cause gastritis. These tests may include a breath test, blood test, or stool test.
How is the treatment done?
The treatment of gastritis depends on the underlying cause of the inflammation and the symptoms presented. Treatment options may include:
- Medications to reduce the production of stomach acid, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor blockers.
- Antibiotics: if gastritis is caused by infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, specific antibiotics may be needed to eliminate the infection.
- Lifestyle changes: avoiding irritating foods and drinks, reducing alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, managing stress, and adopting a healthy diet can help control symptoms and promote healing of the gastric mucosa.
- Stress management, through relaxation techniques, physical exercises, and complementary therapies.
It is important to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan for gastritis. Timely and appropriate treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent future complications.