What is Gastric Ulcer?
A gastric ulcer is a lesion that forms in the lining of the stomach, resulting from an imbalance between protective factors and factors that cause damage to the gastric mucosa. This condition can cause uncomfortable symptoms and, if not properly treated, can lead to more serious complications.
How does it occur?
Gastric ulcer can be mainly caused by infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) or by prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin. In addition, factors such as chronic stress, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and genetic predisposition can contribute to the development of the ulcer.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of gastric ulcer can vary from person to person. Some of the most common signs include:
- Abdominal pain, usually located in the upper abdomen, which can be described as burning or stabbing pain.
- Heartburn, especially after meals.
- Feeling of fullness or early satiety.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Dark stools, resulting from bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis of gastric ulcer is usually made by a gastroenterologist. Some of the most common diagnostic methods include:
- Upper digestive endoscopy: a flexible tube with a camera at the end is inserted through the mouth to view the inner lining of the stomach and diagnose the presence of ulcers.
- Tests for detecting H. pylori bacteria: may include breath tests, analysis of stool samples, or blood tests.
What is the treatment?
The treatment of gastric ulcer involves a multifaceted approach, with the aim of relieving symptoms, promoting ulcer healing, and preventing recurrence. Some of the commonly used methods include:
- Medications: drug therapy may include the prescription of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which reduce stomach acid production, in addition to antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori infection, if present.
- Lifestyle changes: avoiding foods that exacerbate symptoms, such as spicy or fatty foods, reducing alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking are important measures.
- Endoscopic treatments: in more severe cases, procedures such as cauterization of the ulcer or surgery may be necessary.
It is essential to follow medical guidelines, take prescribed medications, and perform follow-up exams to monitor the response to treatment. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, most gastric ulcers can be successfully treated.