Choledocholithiasis is a condition characterized by the presence of stones in the common bile duct, also known as the choledochus. These stones can form in the common bile duct itself or migrate from the gallbladder, causing obstruction and affecting the normal flow of bile, which is essential for the digestion of fats.
How does it occur?
The formation of stones in the common bile duct can occur due to the accumulation of substances, such as cholesterol, bilirubin and bile salts, which make up bile. Factors such as the composition of bile, inadequate emptying of the gallbladder and other health conditions, such as the presence of liver diseases, can contribute to the formation of stones.
Symptoms and diagnosis
The symptoms of choledocholithiasis can range from mild to severe, depending on the size and location of the stones. Some of the most common symptoms include severe abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fever, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Obstruction of the bile ducts can also lead to more serious complications, such as inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) and bile infection (cholangitis).
The diagnosis of choledocholithiasis usually involves imaging tests, such as abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). These tests allow to visualize the presence of stones in the common bile duct, as well as to determine their location and extent of obstruction.
Treatment
The treatment of choledocholithiasis aims to relieve the obstruction of the bile ducts and prevent complications. Treatment options may include:
- ERCP with sphincterotomy: this endoscopic procedure is performed to remove the stones present in the common bile duct. The sphincter of the choledochus is cut to facilitate the passage of stones and restore the flow of bile.
- Stone removal surgery: in some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the stones from the bile ducts. This can be done through open surgery or laparoscopic surgery, depending on the severity of the case.
Conclusion
Choledocholithiasis is a condition in which stones form in the bile ducts, leading to uncomfortable symptoms and possible complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to relieve symptoms, prevent complications and restore the normal function of the digestive system.
It is essential to seek medical guidance for an accurate diagnosis and to determine the best therapeutic approach. The appropriate treatment of choledocholithiasis aims to relieve symptoms, restore the flow of bile and prevent more serious complications, such as infections and pancreatitis.