Colorectal cancer is a malignant condition that affects the colon (large intestine) and rectum, parts of the digestive system responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from food. This type of cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide.
How does it occur?
Colorectal cancer usually develops from polyps, small abnormal growths in the inner lining of the colon and rectum. Not all polyps become cancerous, but some can turn into malignant tumors over time. The development of colorectal cancer is influenced by risk factors such as advanced age, family history of the disease, a diet low in fiber and high in fat, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.
Symptoms and diagnosis
The symptoms of colorectal cancer can vary, but the most common include changes in bowel habits, such as persistent diarrhea or constipation, presence of blood in the stool, abdominal cramps, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and feeling of inability to completely empty the bowel. However, it is important to remember that these symptoms can also be associated with other health conditions, and only a proper medical diagnosis can determine the presence of cancer.
The diagnosis of colorectal cancer involves a series of tests, such as colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, imaging tests (such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), analysis of tissue samples (biopsy), and blood tests to detect tumor markers.
Treatment
The treatment of colorectal cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the location of the tumor, and the patient’s overall health status. Treatment options may include:
- Surgery: the removal of the tumor and part of the affected colon or rectum is usually performed. In some cases, the creation of a temporary or permanent colostomy is necessary, where an opening is made in the abdominal wall to allow the elimination of feces.
- Radiotherapy: use of high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells before surgery or reduce the size of the tumor.
- Chemotherapy: the use of anticancer drugs to destroy cancer cells or prevent their growth. It can be administered before or after surgery, as well as in cases of metastatic cancer.
In addition, it is essential to adopt a healthy lifestyle, with a balanced diet rich in fiber, regular physical exercise, control of body weight, not smoking, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption. Regular medical follow-up and adherence to screening tests are essential to detect colorectal cancer early and increase the chances of successful treatment.
Conclusion
Colorectal cancer is a serious disease that requires specialized medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. Prevention is key, adopting healthy lifestyle habits such as a balanced diet, regular physical exercise, and avoiding excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption. It is recommended to undergo screening colonoscopy from the age of 45. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, the chances of cure are significantly higher.