Colon and rectum polyps are abnormal growths that form on the inner wall of the large intestine. These polyps can vary in size, shape, and characteristics, and are usually benign. However, some polyps can become cancerous over time, making monitoring and treatment essential.
The formation of colon and rectum polyps is often associated with factors such as advanced age, family history of polyps or colorectal cancer, as well as inflammatory bowel conditions, such as ulcerative colitis. The development of these polyps is believed to be related to genetic changes and environmental factors.
In most cases, colon and rectum polyps do not cause noticeable symptoms. However, when they are larger in size or become cancerous, they can cause rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habit, abdominal pain, or unexplained anemia. It is important to note that these symptoms can also be associated with other conditions, so it is essential to seek appropriate medical evaluation for an accurate diagnosis.
The diagnosis of colon and rectum polyps is usually made through screening tests, such as colonoscopy. During a colonoscopy, a doctor inserts a flexible tube with a camera at the end into the rectum and colon, allowing direct visualization of the intestinal mucosa. If polyps are found, biopsies can be performed to determine their benign or potentially cancerous nature.
The treatment of colon and rectum polyps depends on the size, quantity, and characteristics of the polyps, as well as the risk of malignancy. Treatment options may include:
- Removal during colonoscopy: polyps can be removed during colonoscopy using techniques such as polypectomy, which involves removing the polyp with the aid of a wire loop or electric current.
- Surgery: in cases of very large polyps, multiple polyps, or polyps with high-risk characteristics, it may be necessary to perform surgery to remove the affected segment of the colon or rectum.
- Regular follow-up: after the removal of the polyps, it is important to maintain regular medical follow-up to monitor the recurrence of new polyps and detect any early signs of colorectal cancer.
Prevention plays a key role in the management of colon and rectum polyps. It is recommended to adopt a healthy lifestyle, with a balanced diet rich in fiber, regular physical activity, and avoid excessive consumption of alcohol and tobacco. In addition, it is essential to perform screening tests according to medical guidelines for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer.
It is essential to consult a specialist doctor for evaluation and appropriate follow-up of colon and rectum polyps, ensuring an early diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan.