What is Ascites?
Ascites is a condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. This condition is often a sign of an underlying problem, such as liver disease, heart failure, abdominal cancer, or infections. Understanding ascites and seeking appropriate treatment is essential to help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.
How does it occur?
Ascites occurs when the normal balance between the production and absorption of fluid in the abdominal cavity is disrupted. This can happen for various reasons, such as increased pressure in the blood vessels of the liver (portal hypertension), decreased protein synthesis by the liver, or obstruction of abdominal lymphatic flow.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of ascites can vary depending on the amount of fluid accumulated in the abdominal cavity. Some common symptoms include:
- Swelling and enlargement of the abdomen.
- Feeling of abdominal fullness.
- Unexplained weight gain.
- Lack of appetite and early satiety.
- Difficulty breathing due to lung compression.
- Discomfort when lying down due to increased abdominal volume.
How is it diagnosed?
The diagnosis of ascites is based on clinical evaluation and complementary tests, which may include:
– Physical examination: the doctor may perform a careful evaluation of the abdomen to detect increased abdominal volume and signs of accumulated fluid.
– Imaging tests: abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging may be performed to confirm the presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity and assess the underlying cause.
– Analysis of ascitic fluid: a sample of abdominal fluid may be taken through a paracentesis, a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the abdominal cavity to collect the fluid. This sample will be analyzed in a laboratory to identify the cause of ascites.
What is the treatment?
The treatment of ascites aims to control the underlying cause and alleviate associated symptoms. Treatment options may include:
- Sodium restriction: reducing salt intake in the diet to help decrease fluid retention.
- Diuretics: medications may be prescribed to increase urine production and help eliminate excess fluid.
- Therapeutic paracentesis: a procedure in which the ascitic fluid is drained through a needle to relieve abdominal discomfort.
- Treatment of the underlying cause: treating liver disease, heart failure, or abdominal cancer can help control ascites.
It is crucial to follow medical recommendations and have regular follow-up appointments to monitor ascites and adjust treatment if necessary. In severe or refractory cases, evaluation for a possible organ transplant may be needed.
Ascites is a complex condition, but with appropriate treatment and proper medical attention, it is possible to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan.