In the quest for health preservation, certain medical procedures play a fundamental role, and colonoscopy is among them. Therefore, it is important to unveil all aspects related to the topic.
In this article, we will explore all the details about the exam, from what the procedure is, to how to prepare for it, and what to expect during and after the exam.
What is a colonoscopy?
This exam is much more than a simple medical test; it is a vital tool in the early detection and prevention of a range of intestinal conditions, including colorectal cancer, which is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide.
This meticulous procedure allows doctors to examine the inside of the large intestine and rectum in detail, identifying any abnormalities that may be present.
The technique is performed using a highly specialized instrument known as a colonoscope.
This flexible device, equipped with a small camera at the end, is gently inserted through the patient’s anus and carefully navigated along the colon to the terminal ileum (the final part of the small intestine that joins the large intestine).
The colonoscope transmits real-time images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to have a clear and comprehensive view of the intestinal lining.
During the exam, the doctor can identify a variety of issues, from small lesions such as polyps (benign growths) to areas of inflammation or even early signs of cancer.
This ability to directly visualize the inside of the large intestine is crucial for early diagnosis and timely intervention, which can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of treatment and the patient’s prognosis.
Therefore, it is not just a diagnostic procedure; it is a necessary instrument in maintaining intestinal health and preventing serious diseases.
By allowing a detailed view of the colon, this exam plays a crucial role in promoting health and overall well-being of patients, standing out as one of the pillars of modern preventive medicine.
Why is colonoscopy important for your health?
The importance of this exam for health is undeniable, as this procedure not only detects but also prevents a number of intestinal conditions, among which colorectal cancer stands out.
Considered one of the most common types of cancer in the world, colorectal cancer is highly treatable when detected in early stages, and that’s where this procedure becomes prominent.
By allowing doctors to examine the inside of the terminal ileum, large intestine, and rectum in precise detail, the exam enables the early identification of abnormalities, such as polyps, inflammation, and even incipient malignant tumors.
This early detection is crucial, as it offers the opportunity for medical intervention before the condition progresses to more advanced stages, where treatment may be more challenging and outcomes less promising.
Moreover, colonoscopy is not limited to diagnosis; it plays an active role in the prevention of intestinal problems.
During the procedure, doctors can remove benign polyps, which have the potential to become cancerous over time.
This preventive approach reduces the future risk of developing colorectal cancer and other conditions, offering patients a valuable opportunity to protect their long-term health.
Who should have a colonoscopy?
Determining who should undergo this exam involves a careful evaluation of individual risk factors and medical guidelines.
While it is true that, in general, the standard recommendation is for individuals to start undergoing the exam from the age of 50 (some studies already indicate from 45!), as part of colorectal cancer screening, there are some important nuances to consider.
One of the main factors that can influence the recommendation to perform the exam at a younger age is a family history of colorectal cancer or intestinal conditions.
If a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, had colorectal cancer or intestinal polyps, this can significantly increase the risk of developing the disease. In these cases, doctors may recommend starting screening at an earlier age, usually 10 years before the age at which the relative was diagnosed.
There are certain medical conditions and lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer and other intestinal diseases.
These include conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis), hereditary genetic syndromes, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.
Therefore, the decision to undergo the procedure should be individualized and based on a comprehensive assessment of each person’s medical history and risk factors.
Preparation for colonoscopy
The preparation stage for this exam plays a critical role in the success of the procedure, ensuring that the colon is completely clean and that the doctor can perform an accurate assessment.
This process usually involves a combination of a special diet and the intake of intestinal cleansing solutions.
The special diet prescribed a few days before the exam is designed to minimize the amount of waste in the colon, thus facilitating visualization during the colonoscopy. This typically includes the exclusion of certain foods, such as high-fiber foods, whole grains, raw vegetables, and seeds.
It is common for doctors to prescribe an intestinal cleansing solution, which can be taken in the form of liquid or pills.
This solution is intended to completely empty the colon, eliminating any remaining residue and providing a clear view during the procedure.
Strictly following the preparation instructions provided by the doctor ensures the success of the procedure. Not following the instructions can result in residue in the colon, which can compromise the quality of the exam and require its repetition at a later date.
Post-care and recovery from a colonoscopy
After the exam, it is normal to feel drowsy due to the sedation used during the procedure. Additionally, some people may experience gas, mild abdominal cramps, or transient discomfort.
These symptoms usually disappear quickly and can be relieved with rest and adequate hydration.
It is important to follow the guidelines provided by the doctor, for example, about when to resume a normal diet and routine activities.
In some cases, the doctor may recommend avoiding intense physical activities for a short period of time to allow for complete recovery.
If there are any unusual or persistent symptoms after the procedure, it is essential to contact the doctor immediately. Although complications are rare, it is important to be aware of any warning signs and seek medical assistance if necessary.
In summary, taking care of oneself after a colonoscopy involves resting properly, following medical guidelines, and being attentive to any unusual symptoms.
With the appropriate care, most people recover quickly and can resume their daily activities normally.
Colonoscopy is a fundamental procedure for maintaining intestinal health and the early detection of serious conditions, such as colorectal cancer. Although it may seem intimidating, the benefits of undergoing the exam outweigh the possible temporary discomforts.
If you are in the recommended age group or have risk factors, do not hesitate to talk to your doctor about the need for this exam. Your health is worth the preventive care!
Doutor em Gastroenterologia pela FM-USP.
Especialista em Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo (HCFMUSP), Endoscopia Digestiva (SOBED) e Gastroenterologia (FBG).
Professor do curso de Medicina da Fundação Educacional do Município de Assis - FEMA.
Médico da clínica Gastrosaúde de Marília.