Despite being developed in 2009, its use is still restricted to research environments due to high costs and the need for more evidence for better standardization of the method.

It consists of a catheter that has at its distal end a distensible balloon of 8 or 16 cm (Figures 1 and 2). In this balloon, there are 16 pairs of impedance planimetry sensors, which are capable of measuring the cross-sectional area of a plane of the organ (planimetry) using the electrical resistance (impedance) of the fluid in the balloon.

At the distal end of the catheter, there is also a pressure transducer, which is responsible for measuring the pressure inside the balloon. Thus, by dividing the cross-sectional area by the pressure, we can determine the Distensibility Index in response to volume-controlled distension.

Most of the studies with Endoflip^TM have been carried out for esophageal evaluation. For this, the catheter is introduced with the patient sedated, usually after upper digestive endoscopy.

With the introduction of Endoflip^TM 2.0 in 2017, a topography system was also associated, which allows the evaluation of esophageal motility (whether absence of waves, whether abnormal retrograde contractions or normal anterograde contractions) – Figure 3.

The potential applications of the method are:

1. Evaluation of dysphagia and achalasia

• Highlight in those patients with clinical suspicion of achalasia, but diagnostic doubt due to normal relaxation of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) in manometry exam;
• Usefulness in patients who cannot perform manometry due to not tolerating the discomfort of the probe (Endoflip^TM is performed sedated);
• Distensibility index of the EGJ > 3 mm²/mmHg and anterograde contractions suggest normality (Figure 3);
• Distensibility index £ 1.6 mm²/mmHg of the EGJ, as well as absence of contractions (figure 4) or repetitive retrograde contractions (figure 5) suggest achalasia.
• In cases of manometric diagnosis of EGJ flow obstruction, the Distensibility Index of the EGJ < 2 mm²/mmHg is associated with better symptomatic response to therapies similar to achalasia, while values > 3 mm²/mmHg are favorable to conservative follow-up.

2. Intraoperative use to guide adjustments in myotomies and fundoplications

• In myotomies, values of Distensibility Index of the EGJ between 4.5 and 8.5 mm²/mmHg suggest better results (Figure 6);
• In fundoplications, values of Distensibility Index of the EGJ between 2 and 3.5 mm²/mmHg were associated with lower index of dysphagia and reflux after procedure.

3. Evaluation in eosinophilic esophagitis

• Identify esophageal distensibility, in order to identify fibrostenotic narrowings that are not always well evaluated by endoscopy.
• Potential benefit in patients who persist with dysphagia despite histological remission, possibly guiding possible dilations.

4. Other potential uses

• Evaluate pyloric distensibility in patients suspected of gastroparesis
• Evaluate anal canal in patients with incontinence.

How to cite this article

Lages RB., Endoluminal Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (EndoflipTM): getting to know the technology and its potential uses. Gastropedia, 2022. Available at: https://gastropedia.com.br/gastroenterologia/esofago/endoluminal-functional-lumen-imaging-probe-endofliptm-conhecendo-tecnologia-e-seus-potenciais-usos/

Bibliographic References

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2. Hirano I, Pandolfino JE, Boeckxstaens GE. Functional Lumen Imaging Probe for the Management of Esophageal Disorders: Expert Review From the Clinical Practice Updates Committee of the AGA Institute. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;15:325–34. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2016.10.022.
3. Su B, Novak S, Callahan ZM, Kuchta K, Carbray JA, Ujiki MB. Using impedance planimetry (EndoFLIP^TM) in the operating room to assess gastroesophageal junction distensibility and predict patient outcomes following fundoplication. Surg Endosc 2020;34:1761–8. doi:10.1007/s00464-019-06925-5.
4. Su B, Dunst C, Gould J, Jobe B, Severson P, Newhams K, et al. Experience-based expert consensus on the intra-operative usage of the endoflip impedance planimetry system. Surg Endosc 2020. doi:10.1007/s00464-020-07704-3.

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